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Effect of biomass burning on PM2.5 composition and secondary aerosol formation during post-monsoon and winter haze episodes in Delh

Delhi metropolitan area suffers from extreme haze during the post-monsoon and winter season, impacting climate, public health, and economy. We used a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) and aethalometer at two urban locations in Delhi to capture non-refractory PM2.5 (NR-PM2.5) and black carbon (BC) during the post-monsoon and winter season of 2019-20. Four haze periods with high composition based-PM2.5 (C-PM2.5=NR-PM2.5+BC) concentration and distinct chemical composition were identified, during all of which organics dominated but with varying contribution (